Potty readiness

There's no single right age for the potty. Children get there at their own pace, and a relaxed start usually goes more smoothly than a rushed one.

Typical ages

• Children show signs of bladder and bowel control between 18 and 24 months.
• In the US, toilet training usually begins between 2 and 3 years, and most children are trained by 4.
• The NHS says almost all children can be potty trained between 18 months and 2 and a half years.

Signs of readiness

Your child:

• Stays dry for at least 2 hours during the day, or wakes dry from naps.
• Shows they're about to pee or poop, like grunting, freezing or squatting.
• Can follow simple instructions.
• Can walk to the bathroom and help pull pants down and up.
• Dislikes a wet or full diaper.
• Asks to use the potty, or asks for "big-kid" underwear.

Not every child shows clear signs, and that's normal. The NHS suggests simply starting when the time is right for your family.

Keeping it low pressure

• Every child learns at their own pace.
• Praise the trying, whether or not anything happens. Skip treats and punishments.
• Accidents are a normal part of learning.
• Hold off during a big change, like a move, a new baby, illness or a family crisis.
• Staying dry at night usually comes later, on its own.

When to ask for help

Talk to your pediatrician if you have any worries before, during or after potty training, or if your child seems constipated or progress stalls.